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Recommendations and Uses of Roudybush Products Low-Fat Maintenance Feed to adult birds that are not laying eggs or feeding chicks. Lories and lorikeets, which will accept this diet, will have drier droppings than they have on nectar. Mix 1/3 Breeder with 2/3 Low-Fat Maintenance for chronic egg-layers and birds with a tendency to develop hypocalcemia (such as African Greys). Do not give other vitamin or mineral supplements, but fresh fruit and vegetable treats may be given as a minor part of the diet. Most birds can and should be maintained on Low-Fat Maintenance vs. Maintenance because they are kept indoors at relatively warm temperatures and are relatively sedentary (as opposed to wild birds which fly and climb, constantly foraging), so they do not need the higher fat, higher calorie Maintenance. Maintenance Use this diet when switching your bird from its old diet to Roudybush. Once your bird is eating the pellets well, put it on the Low-Fat Maintenance. Continue to feed Maintenance to birds that do not maintain a normal body weight on the Low-Fat Maintenance, birds that are recovering from a weight loss, and birds that are kept at low temperatures in outdoor flights. This is a higher fat, higher calorie maintenance diet to be used in instances where such a diet is needed. If you have a bird that you are continuing to feed Maintenance to which is a chronic egg-layer or a bird with a tendency to develop hypocalcemia, mix 2/3 Maintenance with 1/3 High-Energy Breeder to supply more calcium and vitamin D3. Do not give additional vitamin or mineral supplements. Fresh fruits and vegetables may be given as a minor part of the diet. Breeder This diet meets the nutritional needs of the growing chick. Feed it to breeding birds that are feeding chicks. Mix 1/3 Breeder with 2/3 Low-Fat Maintenance for chronic egg layers and birds with a tendency to develop hypocalcemia (such as African Greys). The mixture provides the extra calcium and vitamin D3 to support egg production or to meet the needs of birds that seem to need more calcium than other birds. Do not give additional vitamin or mineral supplements, such as cuttlebone, mineral block, or multivitamins. Fresh fruits and vegetables may be given as a minor part of the diet. High-Energy Breeder Feed to breeder birds of species that seem to need higher fat levels to maintain normal body weights and to sustain normal growth rates in chicks (such as macaws). Wean chicks onto this diet for the first 1-3 months post-weaning (3 months for the larger species, one month for the smaller species). High-Energy Breeder will provide these young birds with extra protein, calcium, and Vitamin D3 needed for the continued growth that occurs during that time. The higher energy will help put back the body weight lost in the weaning process. When making the 1/3 Breeder to 2/3 Low-Fat Maintenance mixture for use in birds with a higher calcium need, substitute High-Energy Breeder for Breeder and Maintenance for Low-Fat Maintenance for birds that need a higher calorie diet or for birds that are being introduced to Roudybush. Do not give additional vitamin or mineral supplements, such as cuttlebone, mineral blocks, or multivitamins. Fresh fruits and vegetables may be given as a minor part of the diet. Lory Nectar Feed mixed with water as a nectar or as the dry powder to nectivores, such as lories and lorikeets, when breeding or at maintenance. Although some lory breeders use Lory Nectar as a handfeeding formula, we recommend using Formula 3 Handfeeding Diet for best results. Low Fat Maintenance crumbles may also be fed to lories and lorikeets if they will accept them, giving them drier, easier to manage droppings. The crumbles can also be ground into a powder, which nectivores will generally accept more readily. Feeding the nectar dry will also yield somewhat drier droppings. When switching a nectivore from other brands of nectars to Roudybush it is sometimes helpful to mix ¼ powdered sugar into the nectar and slowly decrease the amount. Other brands generally have much more sugar than Roudybush Lory Nectar, which the birds do not need but they do get used to and like. Do not give additional vitamin or mineral supplements. Fresh fruit treats may be given as a minor part of the diet. Breeder crumbles may be fed to lories and lorikeets feeding chicks, if they will accept them. The crumbles can be ground into a powder for better acceptability. Formula 3 Handfeeding Diet Use as a handfeeding formula for all species of psittacines from day one to weaning. Do not give additional vitamin or mineral supplements. Formula 3 provides the same excellent nutritional composition and results as Optimum Handfeeding Diet but it can be more difficult to mix and clean up. Most aviculturists prefer the physical characteristics of Optimum Handfeeding Diet; however, Formula 3 is still available for those who prefer it. Squab Formula Use as a handfeeding formula in pigeon or dove squab from day one to 7-14 days, as a crop-milk replacer. After 7-14 days (7 days for the smaller species, up to 14 days for the larger species), gradually switch from Squab Formula to Formula 3 over a 1-2 day period, increasing the proportion of Formula 3 a small amount at each meal. Do not give additional vitamin or mineral supplements. Squab Formula may also be used as a handfeeding formula or tube feeding formula in insectivores being rehabbed. Medicated This diet is medicated with 1% chlortetracycline for use in flock treatment and prevention of chlamydiosis. We recommend that you only use this diet under recommendation and supervision from your veterinarian if you have had a diagnosis of chlamydiosis in your flock. |
Nutrient Composition of Roudybush Products
| Product Name | Nutrient Composition | |||
| Low-Fat Maintenance | Protein | 12.0% | Fat | 3.0% |
| Fiber | 3.5% | Calcium | 0.4% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 800 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 8,250 IU/kg | |||
| Maintenance | Protein | 11.0% | Fat | 7.0% |
| Fiber | 3.5% | Calcium | 0.4% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 800 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 7,875 IU/kg | |||
| Breeder | Protein | 20.0% | Fat | 3.0% |
| Fiber | 2.0% | Calcium | 0.9% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 1,400 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 10,125 IU/kg | |||
| High-Energy Breeder | Protein | 19.0% | Fat | 7.0% |
| Fiber | 2.0% | Calcium | 0.9% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 1,400 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 9,600 IU/kg | |||
| Lory Nectar | Protein | 15.0% | Fat | 3.5% |
| Fiber | 0.5% | Calcium | 1.0% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 800 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 19,000 IU/kg | |||
| Formula 3 Handfeeding Diet | Protein | 21.0% | Fat | 7.0% |
| Fiber | 5.5% | Calcium | 0.9% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 1,400 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 10,000 IU/kg | |||
| Medicated 1% chlortetracycline | Protein | 14.0% | Fat | 2.8% |
| Fiber | 2.4% | Calcium | 0.2% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 800 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 9,968 IU/kg | |||
| Squab Formula | Protein | 50.0% | Fat | 9.5% |
| Fiber | 1.0% | Calcium | 1.45% | |
| Vitamin D3 | 1,400 ICU/kg | |||
| Vitamin A | 10,000 IU/kg | |||
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Roudybush Care Line In addition to the diets for healthy birds, Roudybush manufactures several specialized diets available for veterinary use only. These diets are formulated to provide nutritional support and to address nutritional considerations of specific disease conditions. Formula AA - A calorie and nutrient dense gavage formula. Indications: To replenish the emaciated or critically ill patient. To put weight back onto underweight adult birds. Contraindications: Moribund birds which are not able to sit upright. Force feeding is contraindicated if a GI obstruction is present. Formula AK - A low protein, low mineral, high vitamin diet available as pellets or crumbles. Indications: Birds suffering from acute or chronic renal disease. Contraindications: Growth. Formula AL - A low protein, balanced amino acid, high mineral and vitamin, high soluble fiber diet available as pellets or crumbles. Indications: Birds suffering from acute or chronic liver disease. Contraindications: Growth. Formula AE - A nutrient dense diet with high levels of soluble fiber available in pellets, crumbles, or gavage formula. Indications: Birds suffering from malabsorption or maldigestion, intestinal inflammation, diarrhea or constipation. Contraindications: Kidney or liver disease. Formula AP - A nutrient dense maintenance diet with elevated levels of soluble fiber, available as pellets, crumbles or gavage formula. Indications: Birds suffering from Proventricular Dilatation Syndrome or other chronic malabsorption or maldigestion syndromes. Contraindications: Kidney or liver disease. Formula AO - A low energy, nutrient rich, high fiber diet available as pellets or crumbles. Indications: To achieve weight reduction in obese or overweight birds. As part of a medical management program for lipoma treatment. Contraindications: Underweight birds, growth. Ethoxyquin Questions and concerns regarding the use of the antioxidant, ethoxyquin, in our products as well as other manufacturer's products have become so frequent and so misinformed, that we are compelled to respond in a public forum. We are concerned that unnecessary fear will cause bird owners to begin feeding inferior diets that are not properly stabilized with antioxidants, leading to vitamin deficiencies in their birds. After reviewing the misinformation being widely circulated on the internet, we have seen a pattern of partial truths being twisted to create fear and irrational conclusions. We will individually address the common ones here. Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant. It prevents certain nutrients from being degraded with exposure to oxygen. This prolongs the life of the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K and prevents the rancidity of fat in feed, keeping the feed nutritious for your bird. Without an antioxidant feed can become rancid or deficient in about three months at room temperature. Ethoxyquin is the safest and most effective antioxidant available, which is why we use it. We include 125 parts per million (ppm); 150 ppm is the allowable level. Research has shown that this level is both safe and effective. Although no specific research has been published regarding safety in pet birds, the cockatiel and Orange-Winged Amazon flocks at UC Davis have been on Roudybush continuously since 1981. Birds that die are necropsied. There has been neither abnormal mortality nor abnormal incidence of tumors or liver disease in the flocks. It has been proposed on the intrernet that if ethoxyquin is toxic at 0.5% of the diet, which equals 5,000 ppm, that the allowable levels would also be damaging. Please keep in mind that too much of almost anything good can be toxic. Salt is required for life at about 0.25% of the diet but causes illness or mortality at 7.5%. Selenium is required at 0.28 ppm but causes illness and mortality at 10 ppm. Just because these nutrients can be lethal at these levels does not mean that you do not include then at non-toxic levels. If you removed them entirely, you would kill the bird. It has also be suggested on the internet that ethoxyquin must be a deadly poison, because it must be handled with gloves while wearing a face mask. Vitamins and minerals and vitamin and mineral premixes are handled in exactly the same way in premix manufacturing to protect workers from toxic exposure to these nutrients that are required for life. Many supposed reports of birds and dogs dying of ethoxyquin toxicity can be found on the internet. These reports consist of animals that died from liver disease or tumors or unknown causes while they happened to be fed diets containing ethoxyquin. Ethoxyquin happens to be in the diets of most dogs and birds (fed processed diets), so it seems likely that animals dying of any cause would happen to be exposed to ethoxyquin. It doesn't indicate cause and effect. These reported toxicity cases are assumptions made by owners and or veterinarians without substantiating test results. There are two grave problems associated with these assumptions. The first is that the suggested cause of death in these animals is never substantiated leaving ethoxyquin, an effective, useful and safe compound, suspect. The second is that this false sense of having found the cause of death in these animals allows us to stop looking for the actual cause of death. It is a lazy way to do medicine and allows the cause of death in many animals to remain unknown. At Roudybush we have reviewed what research data are available on ethoxyquin. Trials conducted with proper controls and testing are the only appropriate ways to assess ethoxyquin's safety. You cannot assess its safety based on hearsay, conjecture, and assumptions. The research data indicate ethoxyquin is safe. We would not use it in our products if we had any doubts about this. With all the rumors and fears circulating about ethoxyquin, it would be simpler to remove ethoxyquin from the diets and avoid the issue. But we are committed to providing a premium product that provides excellent nutrition, and the research data show that ethoxyquin is the best antioxidant available for us to do just that. Handfeeding Macaws There is a commonly held belief among aviculturists that macaws need a higher percent fat diet, especially during the handfeeding period. This is based on some handfeeders having a difficult time maintaining good growth rates and based on observations of what some species of macaws eat in the wild. No research has been done to determine what the fat or fatty acid requirements for growth are in macaws. Some handfeeders get good growth in macaws using Roudybush formulas and some handfeeders feel that they need to add fat to the formulas. In general, the handfeeders that get good results with Roudybush handfeeding formulas are those that feed a little higher percent solids than are used in other species of birds. For example, instead of feeding 25% solids, they are feeding 30%. Instead of feeding 30% solids to older chicks, they are feeding 35% solids. We recommend feeding the higher percent solids to macaws, especially the larger species of macaws. We are concerned about people adding fat to the diet to achieve 15% fat or more. The increased weight gains may not be healthy, lean tissue gains, but excess body fat. Research needs to be done to determine the optimum dietary fat level for lean muscle mass gain in these chicks. There does seem to be some sort of specialized nutritional need in hyacinth macaw chicks. Again, research is needed to determine what that need is. Handfeeders who include ground macadamia nuts, ground palm nuts, or coconut milk have much better success raising hyacinth chicks. These ingredients are not just high in fat, they all have saturated fat in common. Most vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds have unsaturated fat only. We suspect that when research is done, it will show that hyacinths have a requirement for certain saturated fatty acids. Hyacinths raised on formulas without saturated fats tend to develop crop stasis and "failure to thrive" syndromes. Therefore we recommend that handfeeders add about 10% ground macadamia nuts, palm nuts, or coconut milk to Roudybush formulas when feeding hyacinth macaws. When interpreting observations of what birds eat in the wild it is important to remember that wild birds are searching for the most energy input for the least energy output. They are limited to what is most available and accessible. Of the available and accessible foods, they will choose high energy, (high fat) foods first because they are the highest input for the least amount of energy spent in foraging. It is quite possible, even probable, that we can greatly improve upon a wild bird's diet and can get better productivity and longevity in our captive birds through these improvements. Also, once we know what a bird's nutritional requirements are, we can meet theses through a variety of feed ingredients that are not a part of the wild bird's diet. The nutritional composition is what is important, not the ingredients used to arrive at that composition. Therefore it is not necessary, nor even advisable, to only feed what a bird in the wild would be eating. Diets to Rehabilitate Wild Birds Many wild birds that have been injured or abandoned find their way into the hands of rehabilitators. Once injuries have been treated the rehabilitator faces the problem of providing appropriate food to the bird. Since birds have adopted a variety of strategies to meet their nutrient needs, they have adapted to a variety of diets. These adaptations may require some specific characteristics in the diet such as limited fiber, high protein, high fat or some other mechanical or nutritional property. During various times of their life cycles the nutrient requirements of birds change further complicating the process of supplying them with adequate diets. Growing birds need more of some nutrients than adults, for example. We offer the following guidelines in selecting diets for birds. We have not tested our diets in most species of birds, and we cannot represent these guidelines as being complete or adequate in all cases. We simply offer these suggestions as a first step in helping you select diets for your birds. Carnivorous or insectivorous birds may have trouble digesting complex carbohydrates. This has been found to be the case in newly hatched squab (doves and pigeons), since they consume crop milk that is mainly sloughed tissue from the crops of their parents. We developed Roudybush Squab Diet to meet the needs of such birds. It contains no complex carbohydrate, high levels of fat and protein and some simple sugar. If a bird appears to be a carnivore, this may be an appropriate diet. Omnivorous birds may have limited ability to digest complex carbohydrate at some period in their lives. The squab mentioned above are an example of this. These birds may need a diet like the squab diet for a time and then develop the ability to digest starch. In this case a mixture of Squab Diet and Formula 3 may be appropriate. The relative amounts of the diets in the mixture may need to be determined by experimentation by you. Always add a little more of the Squab Diet than you think is necessary, since an error of adding too little complex carbohydrate has milder consequences than adding too much. Granivorous or herbivorous birds can be fed Formula 3. Most of these birds will grow well on Formula 3 from hatch. Nectarivorous birds, such as hummingbirds, should do well on one of our three Nectar diets. Inquire as to which diet is appropriate for the age of bird you are feeding. |